Transformers
Learning Objectives
- Students will be able to explain how transformers change voltage and current
- Students will be able to apply the transformer equation to calculate output voltage
- Students will be able to understand why transformers require AC voltage
Core Concepts
- Step-up transformers
- Step-down transformers
- Turns ratio
Formulas
$$\frac{V_2}{V_1} = \frac{N_2}{N_1}$$
Transformer voltage and turns ratio
$$\frac{I_1}{I_2} = \frac{N_2}{N_1}$$
Transformer current and turns ratio
$$P_1 = P_2$$
Power conservation in ideal transformers
Units
| Volt | V |
| Ampere | A |
Interesting Fact
Transformers are remarkably efficient, typically losing only 1-2% of power
Key Scientist
Nikola Tesla
Developed the AC transformer and AC electrical distribution systems
Modern Research
High-temperature superconducting transformers promise dramatically improved efficiency for power grids, reducing global energy losses.
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